The Chachapoya culture was an Andean culture located in the cloud forests of northern Peru. It’s not clear when the culture originated, but it was conquered by the Incas around 1475 AD. When Francisco Pizarro arrived in Peru in 1532,…

Below are links to the mt-SNP calls for the seven Chachapoyas. The calls confirm the published findings that NA39 was B2 and that NA42 was D1. The calls for NA40 are strange. The published haplogroup for NA40 was M, and…

Below are the Y-SNP calls for the seven Chachapoyas. Positive calls are in bold, and negative calls are in non-bold. DNA evidence indicates that NA40 was female, and that NA41, NA43, NA47, and NA50 were possibly female, but I’m including…

Below are the results of analyses of seven Chachapoya genomes. The following is the description of the samples given here: Samples NA39-50 were obtained from pre-Columbian Chachapoyan and Chachapoya-Inca remains dating between 1000 and 1500 AD. They were recovered from…

The mt-SNP calls for the old man from the Borum Eshøj Bronze Age burial in Denmark are here. The calls show that the old man was R*. Note that Afontova Gora 2, who was autosomally very similar to the old…

Below are the Y-SNP calls for the old man from the Borum Eshøj Bronze Age burial in Denmark. They’re all negative. They show that the old man wasn’t G, which is not surprising. The autosomal results for the old man…

Below are the results of analyses of a Bronze Age Danish genome. The following is the description of the sample given here: Sample M4 is an ancient hair sample obtained from the Borum Eshøj Bronze Age burial in Denmark. The…

Below are the mt-SNP calls for the Iron and Bronze Age Bulgarians. Positive calls are in bold, and negative calls are in non-bold. The calls confirm the published finding that P192-1 was U3b. The calls also confirm the published finding…

Below are the Y-SNP calls for the Iron and Bronze Age Bulgarians. Positive calls are in bold, and negative calls are in non-bold. P192-1 was definitely male, and the DNA evidence indicates that T2G2 was also male. Archaeological evidence indicates…

Below are the results of analyses of four Iron and Bronze Age Bulgarian genomes. This paper gives the following descriptions of the four samples: Sample P192-1 was found at the site of a pit sanctuary near Svilengrad, Bulgaria, excavated between…