Pigmentation of Iberomaurusians

Posted on March 25, 2018 by Genetiker — 6 Comments

Below are predicted skin, hair, and eye color for samples associated with the Epipaleolithic Iberomaurusian culture from the Grotte des Pigeons, a cave near the village of Taforalt in eastern Morocco.

Sample Period Date BC Skin Hair Eyes
TAF009 Epipaleolithic 12,855–11,958 Dark NA Brown
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 Medium Black Brown
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 Medium Black Brown
TAF012 Epipaleolithic 12,940–12,099 Medium Black Brown
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 Medium Black Brown
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 Medium Brown Brown
TAF015 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 NA NA Brown
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Phenotype SNPs from the Iberomaurusian culture

Posted on March 24, 2018 by Genetiker — Leave a comment

Below are derived allele counts and total numbers of reads for SNPs that have a large effect on phenotype for samples associated with the Epipaleolithic Iberomaurusian culture from the Grotte des Pigeons, a cave near the village of Taforalt in eastern Morocco. Nonzero derived allele counts are highlighted. Note that small derived allele counts may be due to DNA damage.

ASIP, rs2424984, Veddoid brown skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/1

ASIP, rs6058017, Veddoid brown skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/1

EDAR, rs3827760, Mongoloid teeth, hair, etc.

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF009 Epipaleolithic 12,855–11,958 0/1
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/1
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/20
TAF012 Epipaleolithic 12,940–12,099 0/1
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/14
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/10

IRF4, rs12203592, light hair and eyes, freckling

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 1/12
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/19
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/10
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/18

KITLG, rs12821256, blond hair

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/1
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/12
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/9
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/12

KITLG, rs642742, Veddoid brown skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 1/1
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/1
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/2

MC1R, rs1110400, red hair

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/15
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/50
TAF012 Epipaleolithic 12,940–12,099 0/1
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/57
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/32

MC1R, rs11547464, red hair

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/8
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/40
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/32
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 3/20
TAF016 Epipaleolithic 13,006–12,170 1/1

MC1R, rs1805005, blond hair, fair skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/2
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/7
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/4
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/7

MC1R, rs1805006, red hair, fair skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF008 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/1
TAF009 Epipaleolithic 12,855–11,958 0/1
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/11
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/32
TAF012 Epipaleolithic 12,940–12,099 0/2
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/29
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/15

MC1R, rs1805007, red hair, fair skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/15
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/58
TAF012 Epipaleolithic 12,940–12,099 0/1
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/64
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/39
TAF016 Epipaleolithic 13,006–12,170 0/1

MC1R, rs1805008, red hair, fair skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/8
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/28
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/37
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/18

MC1R, rs1805009, red hair, fair skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF009 Epipaleolithic 12,855–11,958 0/1
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/24
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/121
TAF012 Epipaleolithic 12,940–12,099 0/8
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/90
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/50
TAF015 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/2

MCM6, rs182549, ability to digest milk

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF009 Epipaleolithic 12,855–11,958 0/1
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/3
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/2
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/3

MCM6, rs4988235, ability to digest milk

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF008 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/1
TAF009 Epipaleolithic 12,855–11,958 0/1
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/15
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/26
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/48
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/25

OCA2, rs1800407, green or hazel eyes

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/5
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 1/9
TAF012 Epipaleolithic 12,940–12,099 0/1
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/18
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/13

OCA2, rs1800414, Mongoloid light skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF009 Epipaleolithic 12,855–11,958 0/1
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/7
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/11
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/7
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/12

OCA2/HERC2, rs12913832, blue eyes

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF009 Epipaleolithic 12,855–11,958 0/4
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/7
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/26
TAF012 Epipaleolithic 12,940–12,099 0/1
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/20
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/20
TAF015 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/1

SLC24A5, rs1426654, Caucasoid light skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF009 Epipaleolithic 12,855–11,958 0/1
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/1
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/1
TAF012 Epipaleolithic 12,940–12,099 0/1
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/1
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/2

SLC45A2, rs16891982, Caucasoid light skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF009 Epipaleolithic 12,855–11,958 0/5
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/18
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/68
TAF012 Epipaleolithic 12,940–12,099 0/1
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/61
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/33

TYR, rs1042602, light skin, absence of freckles

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF009 Epipaleolithic 12,855–11,958 0/2
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/17
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/46
TAF012 Epipaleolithic 12,940–12,099 0/2
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/38
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/23

TYR, rs1393350, blond hair, blue eyes

Sample Period Date BC D/T
TAF009 Epipaleolithic 12,855–11,958 0/2
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 0/18
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/37
TAF012 Epipaleolithic 12,940–12,099 0/3
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/37
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 0/38
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Pigmentation of prehistoric Spaniards

Posted on March 24, 2018 by Genetiker — Leave a comment

Below are predicted skin, hair, and eye color for new genomes from prehistoric Spain.

Sample Period Date BC Skin Hair Eyes
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 Light Red Brown
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 Light Black Brown
SAN216 Late Neolithic 3776–3653 Light NA Brown
C40331 Late Neolithic 3760–3637 Medium NA Brown
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 Light D-brown/ Black Brown
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 Light Black Brown
POR004 Copper Age 3091–2917 Medium NA Brown
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 Light NA Brown
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 Light Black Brown
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 Light D-brown/ Black NA
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Phenotype SNPs from prehistoric Spain

Posted on March 24, 2018 by Genetiker — Leave a comment

Below are derived allele counts and total numbers of reads for SNPs that have a large effect on phenotype for new genomes from prehistoric Spain. Nonzero derived allele counts are highlighted. Note that small derived allele counts may be due to DNA damage.

ASIP, rs2424984, Veddoid brown skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 5/5
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 4/4
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 2/2
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 14/14
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 3/3
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 8/8
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 3/3

ASIP, rs6058017, Veddoid brown skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 8/8
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 2/2
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 11/11
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 1/1
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 5/5
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 1/1

EDAR, rs3827760, Mongoloid teeth, hair, etc.

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/8
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/7
C40331 Late Neolithic 3760–3637 0/1
POR003 Copper Age 3622–3369 0/2
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/17
POR004 Copper Age 3091–2917 0/2
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/1
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/14
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/1

IRF4, rs12203592, light hair and eyes, freckling

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/3
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/1
C40331 Late Neolithic 3760–3637 1/4
POR003 Copper Age 3622–3369 0/1
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/20
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/4
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/16
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/1

KITLG, rs12821256, blond hair

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/2
ATP005 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/1
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/3
POR003 Copper Age 3622–3369 0/1
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 0/1
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/12
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/5
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/13
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/3
PIR001 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/1

KITLG, rs642742, Veddoid brown skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 8/8
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 3/3
C40331 Late Neolithic 3760–3637 0/2
POR003 Copper Age 3622–3369 1/1
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 20/20
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 1/5
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 4/12

MC1R, rs1110400, red hair

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/7
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/2
C40331 Late Neolithic 3760–3637 0/1
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 0/2
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/19
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/13
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/5
PIR001 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/2

MC1R, rs11547464, red hair

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 1/4
ATP005 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/1
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/3
SAN216 Late Neolithic 3776–3653 0/2
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 0/3
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/19
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/13
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/7
PIR001 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/1

MC1R, rs1805005, blond hair, fair skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/5
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/3
C40331 Late Neolithic 3760–3637 0/1
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 0/1
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/16
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/4
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/6
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/5

MC1R, rs1805006, red hair, fair skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/7
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/5
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 0/2
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/15
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/3
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/10
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/4

MC1R, rs1805007, red hair, fair skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 2/7
ATP005 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/1
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/3
SAN216 Late Neolithic 3776–3653 0/2
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 0/2
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/21
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/15
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/6
PIR001 Bronze Age 2200–1550 1/2

MC1R, rs1805008, red hair, fair skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/5
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/1
C40331 Late Neolithic 3760–3637 0/1
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 0/1
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/20
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/10
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/6
PIR001 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/1

MC1R, rs1805009, red hair, fair skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/3
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/4
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 0/3
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/21
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/7
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/8
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/4

MCM6, rs182549, ability to digest milk

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/5
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/5
C40331 Late Neolithic 3760–3637 0/2
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 0/2
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/15
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/4
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/6
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 1/1

MCM6, rs4988235, ability to digest milk

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/4
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/6
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/17
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/5
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/19
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/3

OCA2, rs1800407, green or hazel eyes

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/4
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/2
SAN216 Late Neolithic 3776–3653 0/1
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 0/1
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/13
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/6
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/12
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/1

OCA2, rs1800414, Mongoloid light skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/2
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/3
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 0/1
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/22
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/6
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/16
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/6
PIR001 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/1

OCA2/HERC2, rs12913832, blue eyes

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 1/3
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/3
SAN216 Late Neolithic 3776–3653 0/1
C40331 Late Neolithic 3760–3637 0/1
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 0/3
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/21
POR004 Copper Age 3091–2917 0/1
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/6
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 6/8

SLC24A5, rs1426654, Caucasoid light skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 2/2
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 3/3
SAN216 Late Neolithic 3776–3653 1/1
C40331 Late Neolithic 3760–3637 0/3
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 1/1
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 18/18
POR004 Copper Age 3091–2917 1/1
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 3/3
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 13/13
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 3/3

SLC45A2, rs16891982, Caucasoid light skin

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 4/4
POR003 Copper Age 3622–3369 1/1
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 6/13
POR004 Copper Age 3091–2917 0/1
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/3
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/8
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 1/4
PIR001 Bronze Age 2200–1550 1/1

TYR, rs1042602, light skin, absence of freckles

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/6
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/4
SAN216 Late Neolithic 3776–3653 0/1
C40331 Late Neolithic 3760–3637 0/1
POR003 Copper Age 3622–3369 0/1
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 0/6
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/20
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/1
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 4/10
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 0/1

TYR, rs1393350, blond hair, blue eyes

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 0/6
ATP005 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/1
ATP019 Early Neolithic 5215–5030 0/1
C40331 Late Neolithic 3760–3637 1/1
POR002 Copper Age 3335–2944 1/2
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/19
POR004 Copper Age 3091–2917 1/1
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 0/3
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 0/15
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 2/4

TYRP1, rs2733831, light hair and eyes

Sample Period Date BC D/T
MUR Early Neolithic 5295–5075 1/5
SAN216 Late Neolithic 3776–3653 1/1
POR003 Copper Age 3622–3369 0/1
ATP016 Copper Age 3261–2916 0/18
ATP12 Copper Age 3010–2879 3/3
ATP002 Copper Age 2899–2678 4/9
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 1/1
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Y-SNP calls from the Iberomaurusian culture

Posted on March 18, 2018 by Genetiker — 6 Comments

In the table below are links to Y-SNP calls for samples associated with the Epipaleolithic Iberomaurusian culture from the Grotte des Pigeons, a cave near the village of Taforalt in eastern Morocco.

Sample Period Date BC Haplogroup
TAF009 Epipaleolithic 12,855–11,958 E1b1b1a1-M78
TAF010 Epipaleolithic 13,127–12,182 E1b1b1a1-M78
TAF011 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 E1b1b1a1-M78*
TAF013 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 E1b1b1a1-M78
TAF014 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 E1b1b1a1-M78
TAF015 Epipaleolithic 13,150–11,950 E1b1b1a1~M78
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Y-SNP calls from prehistoric Spain

Posted on March 18, 2018 by Genetiker — 2 Comments

In the table below are links to Y-SNP calls for new samples from prehistoric Spain.

Sample Period Date BC Haplogroup
ESP005 Bronze Age 2200–1550 R1b1a1a2a1a2a-BY15964
PIR001 Bronze Age 2200–1550 R1b1a1a2a~L23
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K = 14 admixture analysis of ancient Southeastern European genomes

Posted on March 3, 2018 by Genetiker — 1 Comment

Below is a plot for a K = 14 admixture analysis that includes 215 new genomes from ancient Europe, most of which are from Southeastern Europe. The new samples are marked with an asterisk in the plot. The table above the plot gives some information for the new samples.

The Mesolithic samples from Serbia and Romania are made up almost entirely of the dark blue Western European hunter-gatherer component.

The Mesolithic and Neolithic samples from Ukraine are made up of a mix of the dark blue component and the medium blue Eastern European component.

The Mesolithic samples from Latvia are made up mostly of the dark blue component, with smaller amounts of the medium blue component.

The Neolithic samples from Southeastern Europe are made up mostly of the light blue early European farmer component, with varying amounts of the dark blue component.

One of the samples from the Late Copper Age Varna culture of northeastern Bulgaria, ANI163, has a significant amount of the medium blue component.

Another Late Copper Age sample from Bulgaria, I2181, also has a significant amount of the medium blue component.

None of the samples from the Late Neolithic and Copper Age Trypillia and Globular Amphora cultures in Ukraine and Poland show significant amounts of the medium blue component.

The sample from the Early Bronze Age Ezero culture of Bulgaria also doesn’t show a significant amount of the medium blue component. Another Early Bronze Age sample from Bulgaria, I2165, does show a significant amount of the component, however.

Two of the Pit Grave samples from Ukraine are similar to the Pit Grave samples from Russia, while the third, I1917, shows a bit more of the light blue component and more of the pine green component.

The one Pit Grave sample from Bulgaria has significantly more of the light blue component than the Pit Grave samples from Russia have.

Two of the samples from the Copper Age Vučedol culture in Croatia have significant amounts of the medium blue component, while the third, I2792, does not.

The five most recent samples from Bulgaria and Croatia also have significant but varying amounts of the medium blue component. The earliest of the five, I2163, shows the most, making it similar to Corded Ware samples, while the latest of the five, I5769, shows the least, making it similar to the four available Bronze Age Mycenaean samples.

Sample Culture Country Date BC
Oriente C Epigravettian Italy 14776–9873
Rochedane Epipaleolithic France 11140–10880
Iboussières 25-1 Epipaleolithic France 10090–9460
Iboussières 31-2 Epipaleolithic France 10090–9460
I1819 Mesolithic Ukraine 8825–8561
I1737 Mesolithic Ukraine 8540–8301
I1733 Mesolithic Ukraine 9000–7500
I1763 Mesolithic Ukraine 8280–7967
I1734 Mesolithic Ukraine 7446–7058
I5876 Mesolithic Ukraine 7040–6703
Falkenstein Mesolithic Germany 7460–7040
I1875 Mesolithic Croatia 7308–7027
I4657 Mesolithic Serbia 9755–9275
I5241 Mesolithic Serbia 9297–9194
I5235 Mesolithic Serbia 9221–8548
I5240 Mesolithic Serbia 9140–8570
I5244 Mesolithic Serbia 9115–8555
I5242 Mesolithic Serbia 8805–8355
I5239 Mesolithic Serbia 8535–8230
I5773 Mesolithic Serbia 8240–7940
I5236 Mesolithic Serbia 8290–7825
I5238 Mesolithic Serbia 8265–7820
I5234 Mesolithic Serbia 9500–6200
I5237 Mesolithic Serbia 9500–6200
I5409 Mesolithic Serbia 9500–6200
I4660 Mesolithic Serbia 7940–7585
I5401 Mesolithic Serbia 7076–6699
I4916 Mesolithic Serbia 7035–6590
I4870 Mesolithic Serbia 7045–6535
I4874 Mesolithic Serbia 6636–6476
I4877 Mesolithic Serbia 6645–6465
I4875 Mesolithic Serbia 6615–6400
I4876 Mesolithic Serbia 6635–6375
I4871 Mesolithic Serbia 7100–5900
I4872 Mesolithic Serbia 7100–5900
I5772 Mesolithic Serbia 7100–5900
I4881 Mesolithic Serbia 6570–6255
I5771 Mesolithic Serbia 6500–6250
I5402 Mesolithic Serbia 6361–6050
I4914 Mesolithic Serbia 6355–5990
I4915 Mesolithic Serbia 6340–5990
I4917 Mesolithic Serbia 6220–5995
I5233 Mesolithic Serbia 6224–5878
I4882 Mesolithic Serbia 6200–5900
I5232 Mesolithic Serbia 6061–5841
I4873 Mesolithic Serbia 6006–5838
I4880 Mesolithic Serbia 6000–5725
I4878 Mesolithic Serbia 5995–5710
I4081 Mesolithic Romania 7580–7190
I5436 Mesolithic Romania 7451–6698
I4607 Mesolithic Romania 7340–6640
I4655 Mesolithic Romania 7060–6570
I4582 Mesolithic Romania 7021–6473
I5411 Mesolithic Romania 7000–6300
I5408 Mesolithic Romania 6000–5000
I5407 Lepenski Vir Serbia 8300–7400
I4666 Lepenski Vir Serbia 6222–5912
I4665 Lepenski Vir Serbia 6205–5907
I5405 Lepenski Vir Serbia 5836–5632
I2534 Mesolithic/Neolithic Romania 6061–5985
I3948 Cardial Croatia 6005–5814
I3947 Cardial Croatia 5986–5786
I3433 Cardial Croatia 5976–5751
I0676 Neolithic Macedonia 5979–5735
I3498 Starčevo Croatia 5837–5659
I4630 Mesolithic Latvia 7465–7078
I4550 Mesolithic Latvia 6601–6476
I4632 Mesolithic Latvia 6467–6249
I4596 Mesolithic Latvia 6061–5990
I4432 Mesolithic Latvia 6075–5920
I4551 Mesolithic Latvia 5775–5666
I4439 Mesolithic Latvia 5763–5633
I4595 Mesolithic Latvia 5728–5646
I4434 Mesolithic Latvia 5606–5385
I4553 Mesolithic Latvia 5482–5375
I4552 Mesolithic Latvia 5479–5374
I4438 Mesolithic Latvia 5462–5220
I4440 Mesolithic Latvia 5220–5039
I4441 Mesolithic Latvia 4837–4713
I4437 Mesolithic Latvia 4329–4067
I0706 Neolithic Bulgaria 6022–5887
I0698 Neolithic Bulgaria 6000–5900
I0704 Neolithic Bulgaria 6034–5843
I0679 Neolithic Bulgaria 5718–5626
I2529 Neolithic Bulgaria 5726–5575
I0700 Neolithic Bulgaria 5800–5400
I1108 Neolithic Bulgaria 5800–5400
I1109 Neolithic Bulgaria 5800–5400
I1113 Neolithic Bulgaria 5800–5400
I1295 Neolithic Bulgaria 5800–5400
I1296 Neolithic Bulgaria 5800–5400
I1297 Neolithic Bulgaria 5800–5400
I2215 Neolithic Bulgaria 5800–5400
I2216 Neolithic Bulgaria 5800–5400
I3879 Neolithic Bulgaria 5800–5400
I2521 Neolithic Bulgaria 5619–5491
I1298 Early Neolithic Bulgaria 6032–5837
I2526 Early Neolithic Bulgaria 5466–5305
I4918 Starčevo Serbia 6000–5300
I5071 Impressa Croatia 5670–5571
I5072 Impressa Croatia 5641–5560
I2532 Early Neolithic Romania 5715–5626
I2533 Early Neolithic Romania 5484–5372
I4626 Early Neolithic Latvia 5841–5636
I4628 Early Neolithic Latvia 5302–4852
Berry-au-Bac Mesolithic France 5370–5220
I5885 Neolithic Ukraine 6392–5927
I1736 Neolithic Ukraine 6248–6070
I3715 Neolithic Ukraine 5636–5521
I3712 Neolithic Ukraine 5507–5376
I5872 Neolithic Ukraine 5489–5375
I5870 Neolithic Ukraine 5475–5344
I4114 Neolithic Ukraine 5473–5329
I1738 Neolithic Ukraine 5473–5326
I3716 Neolithic Ukraine 5469–5328
I5873 Neolithic Ukraine 5469–5322
I5868 Neolithic Ukraine 5467–5315
I5891 Neolithic Ukraine 5465–5310
I3717 Neolithic Ukraine 5460–5218
I5893 Neolithic Ukraine 5374–5226
I1732 Neolithic Ukraine 5364–5213
I3718 Neolithic Ukraine 5345–5215
I5886 Neolithic Ukraine 5314–5220
I5869 Neolithic Ukraine 6500–4000
I5957 Neolithic Ukraine 6500–4000
I6133 Neolithic Ukraine 6500–4000
I5878 Neolithic Ukraine 5299–5076
I5875 Neolithic Ukraine 5291–5060
I5890 Neolithic Ukraine 5286–5062
I3714 Neolithic Ukraine 5500–4800
I4112 Neolithic Ukraine 5500–4800
I5879 Neolithic Ukraine 5500–4800
I5888 Neolithic Ukraine 5500–4800
I5892 Neolithic Ukraine 5301–4982
I5881 Neolithic Ukraine 5218–5059
I5883 Neolithic Ukraine 5208–5003
I3713 Neolithic Ukraine 5190–4911
I5889 Neolithic Ukraine 5310–4785
I3719 Neolithic Ukraine 4949–4799
I4111 Neolithic Ukraine 4722–4548
I1378 Neolithic Ukraine 4519–4343
I5068 Linear Pottery Austria 5500–4775
I5069 Linear Pottery Austria 5500–4775
I5070 Linear Pottery Austria 5500–4775
I5204 Linear Pottery Austria 5500–4500
I5205 Linear Pottery Austria 5500–4500
I5206 Linear Pottery Austria 5500–4500
I5207 Linear Pottery Austria 5500–4500
I5208 Linear Pottery Austria 5500–4500
I0633 Neolithic Serbia 5604–5376
I0634 Neolithic Serbia 4710–4504
I1131 Neolithic Serbia 4605–4460
I5077 Sopot Croatia 5207–4945
I4167 Sopot Croatia 4790–4558
I4168 Sopot Croatia 4763–4536
I5078 Sopot Croatia 4692–4546
I2431 Middle Copper Age Bulgaria 4725–4605
ANI163 Varna Bulgaria 4711–4542
ANI159 Varna Bulgaria 4711–4530
ANI160 Varna Bulgaria 4685–4499
ANI152 Varna Bulgaria 4683–4406
ANI153 Varna Bulgaria 4551–4374
I5427 Neolithic Greece 6005–5879
I3708 Neolithic Greece 5500–3700
I2318 Neolithic Greece 4043–3947
I3709 Neolithic Greece 3990–3804
I3920 Neolithic Greece 3933–3706
I2425 Late Copper Age Bulgaria 4679–4450
I2181 Late Copper Age Bulgaria 4550–4455
I2430 Late Copper Age Bulgaria 4545–4450
I2423 Late Copper Age Bulgaria 4520–4356
I2427 Late Copper Age Bulgaria 4445–4335
I2426 Late Copper Age Bulgaria 4450–4264
I2424 Late Copper Age Bulgaria 4448–4260
I0781 Copper Age Bulgaria 4528–4371
I0785 Copper Age Bulgaria 4455–4359
I2519 Copper Age Bulgaria 4337–4246
I4436 Middle Neolithic Latvia 4260–4050
I4627 Middle Neolithic Latvia 4251–3976
I4435 Middle Neolithic Latvia 4146–3960
I4554 Middle Neolithic Latvia 4042–3956
I4088 Copper Age Romania 4331–4076
I4089 Copper Age Romania 3761–3645
I3151 Trypillia Ukraine 4000–3600
I1926 Trypillia Ukraine 3931–3640
I2110 Trypillia Ukraine 3911–3659
I2111 Trypillia Ukraine 3758–3636
I5079 Copper Age Croatia 3710–3360
I2509 Bronze Age Bulgaria 4452–4354
I2520 Bronze Age Bulgaria 3336–3028
I2510 Bronze Age Bulgaria 2906–2710
I6561 Copper Age Ukraine 4045–3974
I4110 Copper Age Ukraine 3634–3377
I5882 Copper Age Ukraine 3264–2929
I5884 Copper Age Ukraine 2890–2696
I2405 Globular Amphora Poland 3335–3020
I2434 Globular Amphora Poland 3400–2800
I2441 Globular Amphora Poland 3400–2800
I2407 Globular Amphora Poland 3095–2915
I2433 Globular Amphora Poland 3100–2900
I2435 Globular Amphora Poland 3100–2900
I2440 Globular Amphora Poland 3100–2900
I2403 Globular Amphora Poland 2870–2575
Bul10 Ezero Bulgaria 3090–2924
I1917 Pit Grave Ukraine 3095–2915
I2105 Pit Grave Ukraine 3300–2700
I3141 Pit Grave Ukraine 3300–2700
Bul4 Pit Grave Bulgaria 3012–2900
I4629 Corded Ware Latvia 3089–2676
I2176 Early Bronze Age Bulgaria 3338–3025
I2175 Early Bronze Age Bulgaria 3328–3015
I2165 Early Bronze Age Bulgaria 3020–2895
Bul6 Early Bronze Age Bulgaria 3400–1600
Bul8 Early Bronze Age Bulgaria 3400–1600
ILK003 Globular Amphora Ukraine 2900–2709
ILK001 Globular Amphora Ukraine 2899–2706
ILK002 Globular Amphora Ukraine 2890–2694
I4175 Vučedol Croatia 3000–2700
I3499 Vučedol Croatia 2884–2666
I2792 Vučedol Croatia 2872–2582
I2163 Mid–Late Bronze Age Bulgaria 1750–1625
I4331 Early–Mid Bronze Age Croatia 1631–1521
I4332 Early–Mid Bronze Age Croatia 1618–1513
I3313 Late Bronze Age Croatia 805–761
I5769 Iron Age Bulgaria 500–400

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