Below are derived allele counts and total numbers of reads for SNPs that have a large effect on phenotype for genomes from Neolithic Estonia. Nonzero derived allele counts are in bold. Note that small derived allele counts may be due…

In the table below are links to Y-SNP calls for samples from Neolithic Estonia. Sample Culture Date BC Haplogroup Kudruküla 3 Comb Ceramic 3950–1850 R1a1-YP1335 calls Ardu 1 Corded Ware 2850–2050 R1a1a1b-Z645 calls Ardu 2 Corded Ware 2921–2555 R1a1a1b1-Z283 calls…

Below is a plot for a high-resolution K = 13 admixture analysis that includes a Chinchorro mummy sample from Chile dated to 3972–3806 BC. Here are the admixture percentages for the Chinchorro sample:       0.00%       0.00%       6.76%      …

Below is a plot for a high-resolution K = 9 admixture analysis that includes a Chinchorro mummy sample from Chile dated to 3972–3806 BC. Here are the admixture percentages for the Chinchorro sample:       0.00%       10.37%       8.12%      …

Below is a plot for a high-resolution K = 7 admixture analysis that includes a Chinchorro mummy sample from Chile dated to 3972–3806 BC. Here are the admixture percentages for the Chinchorro sample:       0.00%       8.84%       8.51%      …

Below is a plot for a high-resolution K = 6 admixture analysis that includes a Chinchorro mummy sample from Chile dated to 3972–3806 BC. Here are the admixture percentages for the Chinchorro sample:       0.00%       15.23%       15.16%      …

Below is a plot for a high-resolution K = 5 admixture analysis that includes a Chinchorro mummy sample from Chile dated to 3972–3806 BC. Here are the admixture percentages for the Chinchorro sample:       0.00%       24.88%       0.05%      …

Below is a plot for a high-resolution K = 4 admixture analysis that includes a Chinchorro mummy sample from Chile dated to 3972–3806 BC. This analysis uses over twice as many transversion SNPs as my earlier admixture analyses. Here are…

To provide further confirmation of my discovery two years ago that Chinchorro DNA contains European admixture, I’ve performed a number of qpAdm analyses using the following populations: Target population: One of 23 ancient American samples, including the Chinchorro sample. Source…

In my White Gods post from four years ago I included numerous photographs of mummies from the Chinchorro culture of southern Peru and northern Chile, showing that they have brown and chestnut European hair, and not black Mongoloid Amerindian hair.…