Analyses of the Oase 1 genome

At the bottom of this post are the results of analyses of the Oase 1 genome. The Oase 1 sample is from a human mandible found in a cave in the Carpathian Mountains of southwestern Romania. The mandible is dated to 37,800–42,000 years BP.

The mt-SNP calls for Oase 1 show that he belonged to mitochondrial haplogroup N*.

The Y-SNP calls for Oase 1 show that he belonged to Y haplogroup K. He had positive calls for the IJK-defining SNPs PF3497 and PF3500, and for the K-defining SNP PF5495. Like Ust’-Ishim, Oase 1 had a positive call for the SNP Z4842 and a negative call for the SNP F650. These are two of the SNPs that define haplogroup X, which was created when the Y chromosome of an Indian Telugu was found to share seven mutations with haplogroup NO Y chromosomes. Like Ust’-Ishim, Oase 1 had only negative calls for NO-defining SNPs.

Like the 45,000-year-old Ust’-Ishim sample from Siberia, and the 40,000-year-old Tianyuan sample from China, the largest autosomal components for Oase 1 were the Veddoid South Asian or Indian components. This once again confirms the account of extra-African human evolution that I introduced two and a half years ago, in which Negritoids in India evolved into Veddoids, and Veddoids then evolved into Caucasoids and Mongoloids.

Kostenki 14 lived a few thousand years after Oase 1 in Russia, and his smaller amounts of the Veddoid components and larger amounts of the Caucasoid components showed that he had partially ascended the evolutionary path from Veddoids to Caucasoids.

Oase 1 had more of the Negroid components than Tianyuan, Ust’-Ishim, and Kostenki 14, and he had more of the MDLP K23b archaic human component than Ust’-Ishim and Kostenki 14. This is due to the 6–9% Neanderthal admixture that Oase 1 had received at some time in the past four to six generations.

Below are all of the available genotypes for Oase 1 for SNPs that have a large effect on phenotype. Oase 1 had only ancestral alleles for these SNPs.

Gene     SNP         Genotype  Phenotype
EDAR     rs3827760   AA        Mongoloid teeth, hair, etc.
MC1R     rs1110400   TT        red hair
MC1R     rs11547464  GG        red hair
MC1R     rs1805005   GG        blond hair, fair skin
MC1R     rs1805006   CC        red hair, fair skin
MC1R     rs1805007   CC        red hair, fair skin
MC1R     rs1805008   CC        red hair, fair skin
MC1R     rs1805009   GA        red hair, fair skin
MC1R     rs885479    GG
MCM6     rs4988235   GG        ability to digest milk
SLC45A2  rs16891982  CC        Caucasoid light skin
TYR      rs1042602   CC        light skin, absence of freckles
TYR      rs1393350   GG        blond hair, blue eyes

globe4

• 39.07% European
• 37.09% Asian
• 20.75% African
• 3.09% Amerindian

globe10

• 25.40% South_Asian
• 14.55% East_Asian
• 13.92% Atlantic_Baltic
• 12.12% Neo_African
• 9.99% Australasian
• 8.44% West_Asian
• 6.10% Palaeo_African
• 4.94% Southern
• 2.39% Siberian
• 2.15% Amerindian

globe13

• 24.46% South_Asian
• 14.60% East_Asian
• 12.10% North_European
• 9.93% Australasian
• 8.36% West_African
• 7.60% West_Asian
• 5.85% Palaeo_African
• 4.80% East_African
• 4.52% Southwest_Asian
• 3.49% Mediterranean
• 2.13% Arctic
• 1.36% Amerindian
• 0.80% Siberian

K7b

• 30.20% South_Asian
• 19.12% African
• 18.86% East_Asian
• 12.65% Atlantic_Baltic
• 10.63% West_Asian
• 5.12% Southern
• 3.42% Siberian

K10a

• 29.22% South_Asian
• 14.16% Southeast_Asian
• 13.26% Atlantic_Baltic
• 11.66% Sub_Saharan
• 7.98% West_Asian
• 6.66% Palaeoafrican
• 5.95% Red_Sea
• 4.94% East_Asian
• 3.52% Siberian
• 2.66% Mediterranean

K12b

• 27.69% South_Asian
• 13.77% Southeast_Asian
• 11.42% Sub_Saharan
• 11.29% North_European
• 10.04% East_African
• 9.93% Gedrosia
• 6.25% East_Asian
• 3.25% Southwest_Asian
• 2.48% Atlantic_Med
• 2.00% Siberian
• 1.85% Caucasus
• 0.03% Northwest_African

dv3

• 27.24% South_Asian
• 20.51% Southeast_Asian
• 10.35% West_European
• 8.40% Palaeo_African
• 8.21% East_African
• 7.47% East_European
• 6.31% Neo_African
• 4.86% Northeast_Asian
• 3.12% Southwest_Asian
• 3.07% Mediterranean
• 0.39% Northwest_African
• 0.07% West_Asian

MDLP World-22

• 16.70% East-South-Asian
• 16.21% Indian
• 13.87% Sub-Saharian
• 10.98% North-East-European
• 8.77% West-Asian
• 6.60% Austronesian
• 5.90% Atlantic_Mediterranean_Neolithic
• 4.86% Paleo-Siberian
• 3.70% Near_East
• 2.89% Pygmy
• 2.84% Samoedic
• 2.02% Indo-Tibetan
• 1.84% Melanesian
• 1.34% South-America_Amerind
• 1.33% South-African
• 0.17% Indo-Iranian
• 0.00% Arctic-Amerind
• 0.00% East-Siberean
• 0.00% Mesoamerican
• 0.00% North-Amerind
• 0.00% North-European-Mesolithic
• 0.00% North-Siberean

MDLP Ancient Roots K17

• 26.25% Ancestral_South_Indian
• 20.99% African_Sub_Saharian
• 13.65% South_East_Asian
• 6.34% Melano-Austronesian
• 5.67% Ancestral_North_Indian
• 5.60% Uralic
• 4.40% Ancestral_East_European_ANE
• 3.45% West_European_HG
• 3.07% Caucasian-Basal
• 2.39% Ancestral_East_Siberian
• 2.34% Ancestral_West_Siberian
• 1.97% Amerindian
• 1.49% Ancestral_Mediterranean_EEF
• 1.43% Ancestral_Sami-Finnic
• 0.51% Circumpolar
• 0.22% Archaic_African
• 0.22% Near-East-Basal

MDLP Ancient Roots K18

• 24.01% South_Indian
• 13.47% South_East_Asian
• 11.38% East_African
• 10.46% East_European
• 8.53% Archaic_African
• 8.52% Melano-Austronesian
• 7.91% South_Central_Asian
• 5.01% Volga-Uralic
• 3.95% North_West_European
• 2.03% East_Siberian
• 1.57% Afroasiatic
• 1.54% Amerindian
• 0.69% Arctic
• 0.47% Sami-Finnic
• 0.18% Mediterranean
• 0.15% West_Siberian
• 0.14% Caucasian
• 0.00% Roma

MDLP K23b

• 24.49% Ancestral-South-Indian
• 8.41% South-East-Asian
• 7.68% Austroloid
• 7.16% European_Hunters_Gatherers
• 6.79% Ancestral-North-Indian
• 5.98% Archaic-African
• 5.35% Austronesian
• 5.04% Archaic-Human
• 4.69% Subsaharian
• 4.64% Caucasian
• 3.60% Altaiс
• 3.40% East-African
• 2.63% Melano-Polinesian
• 1.75% Amerindian
• 1.70% North-African
• 1.58% East-Siberian
• 1.38% Khoisan
• 1.19% Paleo-Siberian
• 0.89% Near-East
• 0.81% European_Early_Farmers
• 0.56% Ancestral-North-Eurasian
• 0.19% African-Pygmy
• 0.08% Arctic

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