Below are derived allele counts and total numbers of reads for SNPs that have a large effect on phenotype for 37 genomes from Ice Age Europe. Nonzero derived allele counts are in bold. Note that small derived allele counts may be due to DNA damage.
Some of my previous phenotype SNP posts are here:
- Phenotype SNPs from prehistoric Eurasia
- Phenotype SNPs from Copper and Bronze Age Spain
- More phenotype SNPs from prehistoric Eurasia
ASIP, rs2424984, Veddoid brown skin
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/1 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 1/1
ASIP, rs6058017, Veddoid brown skin
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Afontova Gora 3 Russia 16,930–16,490 Unassigned 1/1 Goyet Q-2 Belgium 15,230–14,780 Magdalenian 1/1
EDAR, rs3827760, Mongoloid teeth, hair, etc.
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/10 Paglicci 133 Italy 34,580–31,210 Gravettian 0/1 Krems WA3 Austria 31,250–30,690 Gravettian 0/1 Věstonice 43 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/1 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/4 Goyet Q53-1 Belgium 28,230–27,720 Gravettian 0/1 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/2 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/8 Afontova Gora 3 Russia 16,930–16,490 Unassigned 0/1 Goyet Q-2 Belgium 15,230–14,780 Magdalenian 0/1 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/20 Iboussières 39 France 12,040–11,410 Epipaleolithic 0/1 Ranchot 88 France 10,240–9,930 Mesolithic 0/2 Berry-au-Bac France 7,320–7,170 Mesolithic 0/1
IRF4, rs12203592, light hair and eyes, freckling
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Muierii 2 Romania 33,760–32,840 Unassigned 0/1 Věstonice 43 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/1 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/3 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/3 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/3 Afontova Gora 3 Russia 16,930–16,490 Unassigned 0/1 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 10/10 Rochedane France 13,090–12,830 Epipaleolithic 0/1
KITLG, rs12821256, blond hair
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/2 Pavlov 1 Czechia 31,110–29,410 Gravettian 0/1 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/2 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/1 Hohle Fels 49 Germany 16,000–14,260 Magdalenian 0/1 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/10 Rochedane France 13,090–12,830 Epipaleolithic 0/1
KITLG, rs642742, Veddoid brown skin
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 1/1
MC1R, rs1110400, red hair
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/11 Věstonice 43 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/2 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/28 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/6 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/31 Afontova Gora 3 Russia 16,930–16,490 Unassigned 0/2 Hohle Fels 79 Germany 15,070–14,270 Magdalenian 0/1 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/33 Rochedane France 13,090–12,830 Epipaleolithic 0/2 Falkenstein Germany 9,410–8,990 Mesolithic 0/2 Bockstein Germany 8,370–8,160 Mesolithic 0/1
MC1R, rs11547464, red hair
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/9 Muierii 2 Romania 33,760–32,840 Unassigned 0/1 Věstonice 13 Czechia 31,070–30,670 Gravettian 0/1 Pavlov 1 Czechia 31,110–29,410 Gravettian 0/1 Věstonice 43 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/4 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/12 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/3 Goyet Q56-16 Belgium 26,600–26,040 Gravettian 1/1 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 1/20 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/15 Rochedane France 13,090–12,830 Epipaleolithic 0/1 Ranchot 88 France 10,240–9,930 Mesolithic 0/1 Falkenstein Germany 9,410–8,990 Mesolithic 0/1
MC1R, rs1805005, blond hair, fair skin
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/2 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/4 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/2 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/3 Afontova Gora 3 Russia 16,930–16,490 Unassigned 0/3 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/11 Ranchot 88 France 10,240–9,930 Mesolithic 0/1 Falkenstein Germany 9,410–8,990 Mesolithic 0/1
MC1R, rs1805006, red hair, fair skin
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/3 Věstonice 13 Czechia 31,070–30,670 Gravettian 0/2 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/10 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/1 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/14 Hohle Fels 49 Germany 16,000–14,260 Magdalenian 0/2 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/24 Ranchot 88 France 10,240–9,930 Mesolithic 0/2 Falkenstein Germany 9,410–8,990 Mesolithic 0/1 Bockstein Germany 8,370–8,160 Mesolithic 0/2 Berry-au-Bac France 7,320–7,170 Mesolithic 0/1
MC1R, rs1805007, red hair, fair skin
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/11 Pavlov 1 Czechia 31,110–29,410 Gravettian 0/1 Věstonice 43 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 1/5 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 1/27 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/4 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/33 Afontova Gora 3 Russia 16,930–16,490 Unassigned 0/1 Hohle Fels 79 Germany 15,070–14,270 Magdalenian 0/1 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 2/32 Rochedane France 13,090–12,830 Epipaleolithic 0/2 Falkenstein Germany 9,410–8,990 Mesolithic 0/1
MC1R, rs1805008, red hair, fair skin
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/8 Věstonice 43 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/2 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/21 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/4 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/17 Afontova Gora 3 Russia 16,930–16,490 Unassigned 0/2 Goyet Q-2 Belgium 15,230–14,780 Magdalenian 0/1 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 2/25 Rochedane France 13,090–12,830 Epipaleolithic 0/1 Falkenstein Germany 9,410–8,990 Mesolithic 0/4 Bockstein Germany 8,370–8,160 Mesolithic 0/1
MC1R, rs1805009, red hair, fair skin
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/9 Paglicci 133 Italy 34,580–31,210 Gravettian 0/1 Věstonice 13 Czechia 31,070–30,670 Gravettian 0/2 Věstonice 14 Czechia 31,070–30,670 Gravettian 0/1 Věstonice 43 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/3 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/27 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/5 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/34 Afontova Gora 3 Russia 16,930–16,490 Unassigned 0/1 Hohle Fels 49 Germany 16,000–14,260 Magdalenian 0/1 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/32 Rochedane France 13,090–12,830 Epipaleolithic 0/1 Ranchot 88 France 10,240–9,930 Mesolithic 0/3
MCM6, rs182549, ability to digest milk
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/1 Věstonice 15 Czechia 31,070–30,670 Gravettian 1/1 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/2 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/1 Ranchot 88 France 10,240–9,930 Mesolithic 0/1 Bockstein Germany 8,370–8,160 Mesolithic 0/1
MCM6, rs4988235, ability to digest milk
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/8 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/13 Ostuni 2 Italy 29,310–28,640 Gravettian 0/1 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/1 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/2 Afontova Gora 3 Russia 16,930–16,490 Unassigned 0/1 Burkhardtshöhle Germany 15,080–14,150 Magdalenian 0/2 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/17 Rochedane France 13,090–12,830 Epipaleolithic 0/1 Ranchot 88 France 10,240–9,930 Mesolithic 0/2 Les Closeaux 13 France 10,240–9,560 Mesolithic 0/1 Berry-au-Bac France 7,320–7,170 Mesolithic 0/1
OCA2, rs1800407, green or hazel eyes
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/7 Muierii 2 Romania 33,760–32,840 Unassigned 0/2 Paglicci 133 Italy 34,580–31,210 Gravettian 0/1 Věstonice 43 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/1 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/10 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/2 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/5 Hohle Fels 79 Germany 15,070–14,270 Magdalenian 0/1 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 1/21 Rochedane France 13,090–12,830 Epipaleolithic 0/1 Ranchot 88 France 10,240–9,930 Mesolithic 0/1 Falkenstein Germany 9,410–8,990 Mesolithic 0/1
OCA2, rs1800414, Mongoloid light skin
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/1 Muierii 2 Romania 33,760–32,840 Unassigned 0/1 Pavlov 1 Czechia 31,110–29,410 Gravettian 0/1 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/2 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/3 Afontova Gora 3 Russia 16,930–16,490 Unassigned 0/1 Hohle Fels 49 Germany 16,000–14,260 Magdalenian 0/1 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/12 Rochedane France 13,090–12,830 Epipaleolithic 0/2 Chaudardes 1 France 8,360–8,050 Mesolithic 0/1
OCA2/HERC2, rs12913832, blue eyes
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/1 Kostenki 12 Russia 32,990–31,840 Unassigned 0/1 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/5 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/2 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/5 Afontova Gora 3 Russia 16,930–16,490 Unassigned 0/1 Goyet Q-2 Belgium 15,230–14,780 Magdalenian 0/1 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 11/11 Ranchot 88 France 10,240–9,930 Mesolithic 1/1 Falkenstein Germany 9,410–8,990 Mesolithic 1/1
SLC24A5, rs1426654, Caucasoid light skin
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/1 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/1 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/5 Ranchot 88 France 10,240–9,930 Mesolithic 0/1
SLC45A2, rs16891982, Caucasoid light skin
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/6 Muierii 2 Romania 33,760–32,840 Unassigned 0/1 Věstonice 13 Czechia 31,070–30,670 Gravettian 0/1 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 1/18 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/11 Afontova Gora 3 Russia 16,930–16,490 Unassigned 0/2 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/54 Ranchot 88 France 10,240–9,930 Mesolithic 0/3
TYR, rs1042602, light skin, absence of freckles
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/5 Věstonice 43 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/2 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/16 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/4 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/8 Afontova Gora 3 Russia 16,930–16,490 Unassigned 0/1 Brillenhöhle Germany 15,120–14,440 Magdalenian 0/2 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/29 Ranchot 88 France 10,240–9,930 Mesolithic 0/3
TYR, rs1393350, blond hair, blue eyes
Sample Country Years BP Culture D/T Goyet Q116-1 Belgium 35,160–34,430 Aurignacian 0/2 Muierii 2 Romania 33,760–32,840 Unassigned 0/1 Věstonice 43 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/1 Věstonice 16 Czechia 30,710–29,310 Gravettian 0/12 Ostuni 1 Italy 27,810–27,430 Gravettian 0/2 El Mirón Spain 18,830–18,610 Magdalenian 0/9 Hohle Fels 49 Germany 16,000–14,260 Magdalenian 0/1 Villabruna Italy 14,180–13,780 Epigravettian 0/35 Rochedane France 13,090–12,830 Epipaleolithic 0/2 Ranchot 88 France 10,240–9,930 Mesolithic 0/2 Falkenstein Germany 9,410–8,990 Mesolithic 0/1
Genetiker 
Reblogged this on Norah4you's Weblog and commented:
A special thanks to Genetiker who allows me to reblogg this. Please note Ranchot 88. Ranchot is located so the area with ancient prehistoric caves naturally is connecting Rhône valley with Rhen valley. If you take a closer look at the artifacts from Mesolithic period round 10,000 you will find interesting things to “dig” deeper in using Genetiker’s results for such a study.
Disappointing to say the least, I was expecting more light features in the paleolithic like modern northern/central Europeans, Motala HGs and Samara HG had, thinking they would’ve been the people who stayed behind in ice age refuges while the typical WHGs like La Brana retreated to warmer climates, lost their light pigmentation, came back up when the ice retreated and didn’t wind up contributing much to the modern European genepool.
I guess the mainstream theory of light hair/etc evolving in cold conditions given Goyet’s red hair but being selected for to make up a majority recently holds true, but I still don’t know why this would happen. It wasn’t farming, given light skin is found in Siberian Afontova Gora 17k years ago and light hair in Motala HGs and Samara HG which obviously weren’t involved in farming. There’s still no clear source of light pigmentation. I still have doubts about determining pigmentation from even the highest coverage ancient samples(and some of these are pretty low) given a modern human will have much more SNPs.
Having the “latest” and newest human features isn’t a bad thing at all, quite the opposite, it’s just nice to have some longevity or know the source of it.
given Goyet’s red hair
The derived allele of rs11547464 for Goyet Q56-16 is from a single read, five bases away from the end base of the read. So it’s probably just DNA damage.
but I still don’t know why this would happen
Sexual selection.
Darwin believed that many of the differences between the races are due to sexual selection. From The Descent of Man:
There’s still no clear source of light pigmentation.
Random mutation—the raw material of evolution, acted upon by sexual selection.
I still like to think it’s simply adaptation to the environment and lack of UV ray/sunlight exposure, rather than just some random mutation, as most mutations seem to have a reason behind them, although your theory and the mainstream one are more likely(I’ll freely admit I know little to nothing about genetics and evolution anyway).
Vestonice16 and Villabruna are both on GEDMatch right now, Villabruna was a typical WHG with little exotic components(well, none on Eurogenes K15, and he even had more North Sea than other WHGs at 40, Hiriplex also says he had light brown hair based on your phenotype SNPs, while most WHGs had black hair), while Vestonice16 was the typical archaic human with high amounts of South Asian and a plethora of other human ancestries, and was dark pigmented. This is most likely why the original nature paper puts them into clusters, they aren’t not descendant from eachother, the later ones are simply different because of genetic drift.
It could simply be these early, southern human genetic components were blocking the evolution or selection of light features, and selection for light hair/etc only started when we genetically drifted away from the archaic human components like South Asian. That could be why paleolithic Europeans had brown eyes. As for why modern Native Americans and East Asians are dark pigmented even though they’re up in cold climates with little sun exposure, it could be their higher Neanderthal blocking it(paleolithic Europeans also had higher Neanderthal admixture) or it’s a Scandinavian/Central Europe climate which produces light eyes/light hair, not an arctic climate, which East Asians are undoubtably derived from given their slanted eyes to protect from snow blindness.
That’s just my take on it, I probably have no idea what I’m talking about, I just hate the idea of it being some “random” mutation without a purpose. Thanks for your work again, btw. I eagerly await your admixture results for these samples.
I am even afraid to ask…. how to read the AA, GG TT and so forth. 😉
A, C, G, and T are the DNA bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. If the letter is in bold it means the sample has the base associated with the trait listed above each table.
Thanks.
“Note that some of the derived alleles may be based on single reads, and they may be near the ends of reads, which are often affected by DNA damage.”
How many reads at rs1805007 and rs1805008 did you get for the Motala HGs?
For rs1805007, I0012 had the derived allele for 1 out of 7 reads, and it was at the very end of the read. I0016 had the derived allele for 1 out of 10 reads.
For rs1805008, I0016 had the derived allele for 1 out of 8 reads.
So the odds are not good that they really had those derived alleles.
Geneticker thanks for gathering phenotype SNPs and Y SNPs, no one else posts them like you do. I’ve collected all your work in spreadsheets. Maybe you should list the amount of reads you get for individuals for each SNP and how many times they get a derived allele.
Concerning Red hair MC1R SNPs, I know of many other 16th chromsome SNPs that are in a haplotype with those MC1R SNPs. You can test those to confirm if a derived allele call in a MC1R SNPs is legitimate or not.
The only confirmed(with enough coverage) derived alleles in Red hair MC1R SNPs are from Late Neolithic/Bronze age Sweden, Germany, and Kazakhstan(Sintashta). But you list many individuals from Neolithic Anatolia and Yamnaya. I’ll give you their IDs so you can check how many reads they get derived alleles in.
It looks like Red hair was very rare in all of European’s Stone age ancestors. If so that’s an interesting development. It would probably mean the very high frequency in Northern Europe(esp. British Isles and Scandinavia) today is the result of natural selection favoring Red hair in Bronze age Europe.
Yeah, I know what you’re thinking Red hair is rare. However, about 40% of British and Scandinavian carry the gene and about 20% of their men have Red facial hair. So, before modern times you’d see a lot of Red beards and are today because beards are back in style. It looks like it is a lot more frequent than it was in any of their Stone age ancestors.
Maybe you should list the amount of reads you get for individuals for each SNP and how many times they get a derived allele.
I’ve thought about it.
It would probably mean the very high frequency in Northern Europe(esp. British Isles and Scandinavia) today is the result of natural selection favoring Red hair in Bronze age Europe.
It’s the result of sexual selection. And I think that there were populations in Europe with blond and red hair before the Bronze Age.
Here are the derived allele counts and read positions for some more samples:
rs1805007:
Asia Minor Neolithic I1581: 1/5, middle
Bell Beaker Germany I0113: 1/3, middle
Halberstadt LBA I0099: 9/18
Khvalynsk I0122: 1/2, 4 from end base
Pit Grave Samara I0438: 1/2, very end
Unetice EBA I0117: 1/4, middle
rs1805008:
Asia Minor Neolithic I0708: 1/9, middle
Asia Minor Neolithic I0744: 1/4, very end
Asia Minor Neolithic I1099: 1/6, 5 from end base
Asia Minor Neolithic I1585: 1/5, 7 from end base
Iberia Copper Age I1300: 1/8, very end
Timber Grave I0232: 2/15, 1 from end base, middle
So it’s likely that none of the samples really had the rs1805008 derived allele. And it’s unlikely that the Asia Minor Neolithic, Khvalynsk, and Pit Grave samples had the rs1805007 derived allele. The Halberstadt sample definitely had it. The Bell Beaker sample probably had it, and the Unetice sample might have also had it.
Wow, awesome thanks a lot Geneticker. Sexual selection for Red hair? Sounds a little crazy. However, I guess if more ancient DNA confirms the trend we are seeing there may be no other explanation. That’ll shut up any Ginger haters. It looks like if anything Gingers prospered and were considered attractive in Bronze age Europe 🙂
Genetiker,can you show us y snp calls from other samples from ice age europe and from neolithic barcin(matthieson study)? please.
I analyzed all of the Ice Age Y-DNA samples, but aside from the samples listed in my last post, I didn’t learn anything significant beyond what appeared in the paper.
I gave the calls for the I0724 Asia Minor Neolithic sample in this post. It didn’t look like anything interesting could be learned from the other Asia Minor Neolithic samples.
If you have questions about specific samples, I can answer them.
What about calls of two T1a samples from Karsdorf? Did you identfied subclade?
Also i am intersted in ciclovina, Kostenki12 and krems y snp calls.
Does anyone have any explanation for why we have so many phenotype SNPs from these new samples, yet none from the very well-preserved skeleton of Kennewick Man, and just the minimum amount of markers to test for his ancestry?
Here are the phenotype SNPs for Kennewick Man:
And yes, the lactase persistence allele is DNA damage. Based on one read, and seven bases from the end base.
And there’s plenty of data for Kennewick Man. 3.2 gigabytes of it.
There never was any solid evidence that Kennewick Man was Caucasoid, and there’s no conspiracy to cover up the truth about him.
It’s baffling to me that so many people seized upon Kennewick Man as evidence of Caucasoids in the Americas before the Vikings, based on no real evidence, while at the same time there are piles of incontrovertibly European remains all over Peru, many of which are just lying around on the ground for everybody to see, which nobody seems to want to talk about.
Peru is where the evidence for Europeans in the Americas before the Vikings is located, and that’s where the conspiracy to cover up the truth is taking place. I’ve said before that the academic establishment will do anything and everything to cover up the truth about Whites in ancient Peru, including fabricating and falsifying data, and indeed it looks like David Reich and his associates have just such a colossal fraud in preparation.
Thanks very much for the post. I didn’t know there was that much data available on him. I’m still not completely convinced though that Kennewick Man didn’t have some ancient European admixture. He shifts more to Europe than Anzick 1 does on most analysis of covariance and classification plots and graphs I’ve seen. His mtdna X2a seems more likely to me to have come from across the Atlantic than by Siberia. So far, X2 has been found in ancient dna samples in Europe and not in Eastern Eurasia, at least not yet. Also, with Villabruna we now have an R1b1a in Italy 14,000 years ago. And this might add weight to a trans-atlantic crossing of R1b-M269 accompanying that X2. On page 768 of this paper: http://www.academia.edu/9562579/Solutrean_hypothesis_genetics_the_mammoth_in_the_room it mentions Native American R1 STR derived values being different from those found in Europe. And also, X2a was found in Windover, Florida at roughly the same time as when Kennewick Man lived, so as not discrediting the theory that X2a may have spread from the East in America as its current distribution lends weight to, as is also the case with R1.
Thanks for those Kennewick man SNPs! Very nice to see these done for Paleo-Indians.
Is that a typo or is he really GG in EDAR rs3827760? The ancestral allele is T and the usual derived allele is C.
Do you know if there’s a read for Anzick-1’s rs3827760? I’ve never seen one.
I’ve updated this post to give derived allele counts and total numbers of reads instead of genotype calls.
I’ll soon update my previous phenotype SNP posts to also give derived allele counts.
What about calls of two T1a samples from Karsdorf? Did you identfied subclade?
I0795 was positive for one T1a1-L162 SNP, CTS880, and negative for another, CTS11698.
I0797 didn’t have any positive calls downstream of T1-L206. He was negative for a T1a1-L162 SNP, Y3789/FGC3966.
Also i am intersted in ciclovina, Kostenki12 and krems y snp calls.
For Cioclovina 1 I have one positive CT SNP, and then just a few obviously wrong SNPs downstream of that.
Kostenki 12 is positive for 4 C SNPs and negative for 3. He’s positive for a C1 SNP. He’s positive for 2 F SNPs and negative for 2. He’s negative for a bunch of IJ and I SNPs. He’s negative for two K(xLT)-M2335 SNPs. He’s positive for K2b-M1205. He’s positive for 1 P SNP and negative for 4. Considering that Kostenki 14 was C1b1-K281*, I think Kostenki 12 was most likely also C1.
I hadn’t noticed that Krems WA3 was a male sample for which no Y haplogroup was given in the table in the paper. He belonged to I, and I’ve added a link to his calls in my previous post.
What about Barcin G2a samples? Is one of them L497+ or L1266?
Thank you for information
Last question. What haplogroup is goyet-q2(Magdalenian sample)?
I’ve updated my post More phenotype SNPs from prehistoric Eurasia to give derived allele counts.
What about Barcin G2a samples? Is one of them L497+ or L1266?
No.
What haplogroup is goyet-q2(Magdalenian sample)?
Some calls for Goyet Q-2:
HIJK-PF3494/F929/M578
H-Z4278/M2945
H-P96-Z19014
H-P96-Z19016
IJ-Y1905/FGC1571
IJ-Y1844/PF3511/FGC1586
I-PF3640
I-PF3817
I-PF3837
I1-Z2823
I1-Z2887
I2-L460-P37-CTS595-S21825-S21204
I2-L460-P37-CTS595-S21825-Z24429/Y4265
I2-L460-P37-CTS595-L158-PF3825
So he had a couple of positive H calls, but since the other two Magdalenian samples were I, he was more likely to have also been I.
I’ve now updated the rest of my phenotype SNP posts to give derived allele counts:
Awesome work.
There were three P303 samples from Barcin, which one of them is CTS342 by authors.there are only P303(cts342) or deeper subclade?
I0746 doesn’t have any positive calls downstream of CTS342. It’s negative for FGC12126 and Z724.
And what other P303 samples? I am hear that one of El Mirador samples is I2c. It is true?
Its supposed to be i1284.
And what other P303 samples?
I0744 is positive for G2a2b2a6-Z6030. I1097 is positive for G2a2b2a3-Z39318.
Its supposed to be i1284.
I1284 isn’t I2c. It’s I2a(xI2a1b, I2a2a).
G2a-z6030 and z39318 are some minority P303 branches? I saw some Sardinians. what about les chaudardes, Berry au Bac, Burkhardtshohle, Hohefels49 and rest El Mirador samples y snp calls? Thank you.
G2a-z6030 and z39318 are some minority P303 branches?
Yes.
what about les chaudardes, Berry au Bac, Burkhardtshohle, Hohefels49 and rest El Mirador samples y snp calls?
Hohle Fels 49 doesn’t have any positive calls downstream of I.
Burkhardtshöhle is negative for four I1 SNPs and one I2 SNP.
Chaudardes 1 is positive for an I2 SNP.
Berry-au-Bac is positive for an I2a1b SNP.
I1282 is I2(xI2a1a1, I2a1a2, I2a1b, I2a2). The other El Mirador samples already have sufficiently detailed haplogroups.
Is that a typo or is he really GG in EDAR rs3827760? The ancestral allele is T and the usual derived allele is C.
T and C are the alleles on the reverse strand. A and G are the alleles on the forward strand.
Do you know if there’s a read for Anzick-1’s rs3827760? I’ve never seen one.
Here are the phenotype SNPs for Anzick 1:
The derived allele count for rs3827760 is 18/38. The derived allele count for rs2733831 is 3/7.
Thanks!
Yes, most samples are I2a1, I2a2 or G2a2b, but there is at least one sample with only G2a. What subclade it is?
I1314 is G2a2b2b1a1-PF3378.
I found another three male samples from Ice age Europe wihout given y dna haplogroup by authors(Iboussieres39, Brillenhohle and Hohefels79). What about them?
Those three samples have too little data for their Y haplogroups to be determined.
And what about Vestonice 15? I saw some information that is A1b.
And what about Vestonice 15? I saw some information that is A1b.
Yes, it’s A1b. And as the paper reported, it’s BT. It’s also CT. And it has negative calls for one C SNP, two V86-equivalent SNPs, four F SNPs, and one I SNP.
Its interesting to see African y dna in gravettian sample.
It’s not “African y dna”.
Can i ask about some other samples y snp calls? What about one Esperstedt sample i0807(not i0172 I2a1B1 l161), one Els Trocs i0411 listed only as F, i0551 Salzmunde and Barcin samples i1099, i1103, i1583, i0723 and i0727.
I0807: I2, possibly I2a2a2-S23467
I0411: R1b1a, probably V88, not V35
I0551: G2a2a1-Z6199
I1099: G2a2a1a2a2-FGC2315
I1103: G2a2a1a2a-PF3237
I1583: G2a2a1a2a2-FGC2315
I0723: G2a2a1-Z6042
I0727: G, negative for 3 G1 and 3 G2 SNPs
What subclade are samples El Mirador i1274, i1277,Halberstadt i0048 and 0056 and Srubnaya samples i0423, i0424 and one Scythian sample?
I1274: I2a2a2a-S24785
I1277: I2a2a2a-L1228
I0048: G2a2a1-Z6042
I0056: G2a2a-PF3147
I0423: R1a1a1b2a-Z95
I0424: R1a1a1b2a2-Z2121
I0247: R1a1a1b2a2a-Z2123
What y SNP calls are samples i0406 La Mina, i1303 El Mirador, i0432 Poltavka outlier, i0099 Halberstadt, i0419 Potapovka?
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